Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease caused by the infection of pathogens such as
bacteria or fungi within the bone.
The infection may spread to the bone marrow and surrounding tissues, and can present as acute or chronic.
In severe cases, it can damage the bone's structure and function, requiring long-term treatment and posing a risk of recurrence.
Causes of Osteomyelitis
Infectious Fracture
Bacteria infiltrating through open fractures where the skin is broken and the bone is exposed
Post-Surgical Infection
Bacterial proliferation following the insertion of metal fixation devices
Hematogenous Spread
Bacterial infections from other parts of the body spreading to the bone via the bloodstream
Spread from Adjacent Tissue Infections
Infections such as skin ulcers, abscesses, or joint infections extending into the bone
Immunocompromised State
Weakened immunity due to diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or long-term steroid use
Symptoms of Osteomyelitis
Localized Pain
Persistent and intense pain at the infection site
Swelling and Redness
Swollen, red skin over the affected area
Heat Sensation
The infected area may feel hot to the touch
Discharge
Pus discharge from wounds or surgical sites
Systemic Symptoms
Fever, chills, and fatigue
Chronic Symptoms
Formation of skin ulcers or abnormal fistulas (pus-draining tracts)
Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis
Identifying the exact pathogen is crucial for selecting the appropriate antibiotic and treatment strategy.
Physical Examination
Inspecting for redness, swelling, heat, and discharge in the affected area
Blood Tests
Elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) and increased white blood cell count
X-Ray
Bone destruction or deformities in advanced cases
MRI
Highly useful for early diagnosis and assessing the extent of infection
CT Scan
Identifies the severity of bone damage and anatomical details
Microbial Culture Test
Culturing bacteria from pus or tissue samples to identify the pathogen and determine antibiotic sensitivity
Treatment of Osteomyelitis
Early detection and pathogen-targeted treatment are essential. Delaying treatment may lead to severe bone damage and chronic infection, so
if infection is suspected, seek orthopedic care immediately.
NON-SURGICAL
Antibiotic Therapy Long-term, high-dose antibiotics targeted at the pathogen (4~6 weeks or more)
Immobilization and Stabilization Immobilizing the area to relieve pain and prevent the spread of infection
Nutritional and Immune Support Adequate intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and general health maintenance
SURGICAL
Debridement Removal of infected bone and soft tissue
Irrigation Thorough flushing of the infected area during surgery
Bone Graft Grafting of autologous or artificial bone to the removed area
Fixation Stabilization of the bone with metal implants if necessary
Local Antibiotic Injection Direct antibiotic administration to the infected site
Precautions
Although rare, bleeding, infection, or blood clots may occur during surgery or procedures.
